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Задание 1. ОГЭ-2017 - Задание 1: все задания

1. Задание#T15381

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  1. Unexpected Victory
  2. Learning How Not to Drown
  3. True Hike Leader
  4. Mysterious Climbers
  5. Fruitless Trip
  6. The Worst Way to Relax
  7. Sponsored Walk
  8. Life-Saving Skill

Sporting and Life Experiences

A. One of my earliest physical feats was probably going on a ten-mile walk for charity when I was about seven. I went with my older brother and my Dad, but they didn’t make much allowance for the fact that my legs were shorter — I had to go at the same pace as them! Even so, I made it and raised quite a lot of money from school friends and teachers who had agreed to pay me for every mile I walked.

B. When I was about ten, the football team from our year inexplicably made it to the cup final of the local schools’ league. I say inexplicably because I only remember us losing nearly every match we played. Anyway, in the final I set up the winning goal, a brilliant cross to my mate David who headed the ball in just before the final whistle. I still have a photograph of the team holding the cup.

C. We went on a tour of Germany one year from secondary school to play football against three different teams there. Everyone was violently sick on the ferry going across to Holland, and the whole thing was a bit of a farce as there. Everyone was violently sick on the ferry going across to Holland, and the whole thing was a bit of a farce as the teacher who had arranged it didn’t speak German very well so we ended up playing teams who were three or four years older than us! Naturally we got beaten every time.

D. I learned to swim comparatively late, I suppose, I was maybe nine years old, but my brother had a traumatic experience which nearly put him off for life. We lived in the USA for a while and had access to a university pool where the coaches had trained the American Olympic team. In those days, though, their idea of teaching kids how to swim was to tie a tin can to their ankles with a bit of string, throw them in the deep end and shout ‘Swim!’. I’m surprised my brother survived at all. He could only have been about six at the time.

E. One day, one of my cousins climbed onto the top of the house to fix some tiles with my uncle. The next minute he appeared at the kitchen door a little bit dazed and his mother, who was cooking lunch, looked at him in surprise and said: ‘What are you doing here? I thought you were helping your Dad.’ ‘I’ve just fallen off the roof, Mum’, he said. Apparently he had overbalanced and toppled over backwards. Because he had recently been doing parachute training — his latest hobby — he had rolled over automatically when he hit the ground, without thinking. This was a big, old two-storey house and he must have been at least 10 metres from the ground, but he didn’t have a scratch on him!

F. One of my best memories of early physical endeavour was climbing Ben Nevis, which is the tallest mountain in the British Isles. It was a glorious day, which is pretty rare for that part of Scotland, and we walked up in about five hours. The last bit is pretty hard going as it’s a zigzag path of big stones. We took the family dog and she had a really difficult time of it. The strangest thing was that we didn’t see too many people on the way up, and then when we reached the top it was suddenly covered with Japanese tourists. I can only presume they had been airlifted there by helicopter.

G. I remember having to lead a group of eight boys on a school expedition for the best part of two days when I was a teenager. Even though we got lost at one point, I managed to keep them all together and got them from one end of a large forest to the other and back by sheer force of will. I was chosen to be the guide, I think, because I was the only one who knew how to read a map! When we arrived back at the campsite we found out that all the other groups had cheated and hitched most of the way instead... I felt a bit of a mug, but also rather proud of myself at the same time for having done it properly.

http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/magazine/physical-education
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2. Задание#T12709

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  1. Why Don’t Children Help?
  2. Do the Math
  3. Cooking Skills According to Age
  4. Parents’ Mistake
  5. Children and Cooking
  6. A Way of Preventing Obesity
  7. Points to Remember
  8. Learn More About Science
A. New research shows that three-quarters of British children do not know how to boil an egg. Many youngsters have no idea how long they should leave an egg on the hob for, with a quarter believing it should remain in the saucepan for at least 10 minutes. A further 12 per cent of children admitted that they did not have a clue. The study also found that almost half of youngsters never or rarely help prepare evening meals, even though around a third of parents want them to take part.

B. The poll for the supermarket chain Morrisons said 37 per cent of children preferred watching television or surfing the internet to cooking. Two in five said they were too stressed about homework or too tired to help cook. But the most of parents don’t get offended as “we reap what we sow». Analysts say that the best contribution of money is a contribution to children’s education.

C. It also revealed that a third of parents had learned to cook from their own mothers and fathers, and 80 per cent viewed culinary ability as an important skill. Study author Annabel Karmel said: "Today's parents just don't have the time or the patience to get the children involved in the kitchen. A third of parents admit it's easier to let their children watch television than to enlist their help with the evening meal”. Teaching our children to cook helps prepare them for the future. Giving them these skills may help prevent them from getting stuck when necessity or principles call them to cook their own food.

D. Experts said that it is important to encourage children to take part in cooking as it helps them improve their mathematical skills. It’s nearly impossible to cook without doing some math. Whether you’re cutting a whole recipe in half or just measuring out cups of flour, it’s a great way to give your kids a jump-start on math skills. Cooking may help children see that math has a practical application in the real world — perhaps they’ll see that it’s not as abstract as they think!

E. What's more cooking is a great way to get fussy eaters to try new foods. By the age of six, children should be able to chop vegetables, grate cheese and boil an egg, and that by 13, youngsters should be cooking fish, chicken and meat and baking potatoes. By the age of 16 teenagers should have mastered risottos and pasta dishes. This is an opinion of the study author Annabel Karmel.

F. In the US and Europe, obesity among children has become problematic. Teaching children to cook encompasses such vital information as nutritional content, food preparation, and calorie information. Many children (and many adults, too!) simply don’t know how to prepare healthy food. For instance, if they are not taught proper cooking skills, kids may think that the only way to prepare potatoes is in the form of greasy fries. Learning to cook, they can pick up important information and skills, such as how to make oven fries, and/or how to incorporate sweet potatoes in various dishes as well as white potatoes.

G. Cooking helps to understand the concept of changing materials: liquid cake mix becomes a solid through baking, juice can become ice lollies when frozen and chocolate melts when heated. Cooking provides an excellent opportunity to discuss where foods come from such as eggs or milk and how and where various foods grow. Children can learn many things through questions raised in the kitchen including what they need to eat to keep healthy.
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3. Задание#T12523

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  1. A new kind of chocolate
  2. From liquid to shape
  3. A small start-up
  4. The origin of chocolate
  5. Becoming popular
  6. Ups and downs
  7. Alternative to strong drinks
  8. Chocolate improves mood
A. Chocolate was enjoyed by Mayan and Aztec people in Central and South America hundreds of years ago. In those days, the people did not really eat chocolate; the cocoa bean was used to make a chocolate drink that the people enjoyed very much. Much later, the cocoa bean was brought across to Europe, and people there also came to love the taste of chocolate.

B. In 1824, John Cadbury opened a small shop in Birmingham. One of the items he sold was cocoa powder to make into drinks. In 1831, he opened a small factory to make cocoa powder from cocoa beans. John Cadbury believed that alcohol was an important cause of poverty and he wanted to encourage people to drink chocolate instead.

C. Joseph Fry invented a way to make chocolate bars, and so for the first time people had the chance to eat chocolate instead of only drinking it. In the beginning, chocolate was a luxury and only the rich people could afford it. Later, as more and more chocolate bars were produced and sold, it became cheaper.

D. At first only plain chocolate was produced. Milk chocolate came later and this was made by adding milk or milk powder to the chocolate. Cadbury introduced their milk chocolate bar in 1897. Their most famous chocolate, Cadbury's Milk Bar, was introduced in 1905. It has been a best seller in Britain and around the world for nearly 100 years.

E. Cadbury's as we know it today started from small beginnings in Bull Street, Birmingham. A shop was opened by John Cadbury in 1824. It did not start as a confectionery shop but sold tea and coffee and homemade drinking chocolate or cocoa which he made himself for his customers.

F. John Cadbury moved into the manufacturing of drinking chocolate and cocoa. By the early 1840's Cadbury operated from a factory in Bridge Street. The chocolate industry was given a boost in the 1850's when the government reduced the high import taxes on cocoa. Cadbury's was given a Royal Warrant in 1854 as manufacturers of chocolate for Queen Victoria.

G. After such a successful start the business fell upon hard times. John Cadbury's sons Richard and George struggled with the business after their father retired in 1861. However, new processes and new products helped the business improve. By the turn of the decade they were able to move from the Bridge Street factory to what is now Bournville.
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Это задание решали 270 раз. С ним справились 40% пользователей.
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