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Задание 11. Понимание структурно-смысловых связей в тексте: все задания

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1. Задание#T5531

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами . Одна из частей в списке лишняя.

Surviving in a Desert

A desert is defined as a place that gets less than 250 mm of rain each year. It differs sharply from the climate of a rain forest, (A) ________.

Arid desert lands cover about one third of the earth’s surface. Most deserts are covered with sand, (B) ________. There are also usually a lot of rocky areas. This combination of sand and rock means that the soil is not very fertile.

(C) ________, some living things are able to do well in this setting. Many plants have changed and developed in ways (D) ________. These changes have become apparent in a number of ways. Some plants are able to grow very quickly (E) ________. They turn green and produce flowers within just a few days. Other desert plants simply stop growing in very dry weather. They appear to be dead, but when the rain returns, they come back to life and begin growing again.

Desert animals have also developed many characteristics that help them to survive in arid environment. Camels can go for a very long time without drinking. Other animals, such as snakes and rats, find cool places to sleep during the day and come out only at night. The extremely long ears of desert rabbits help them (F) ________. Changes like these have allowed some animals and plants to grow and develop successfully in a very challenging ecological system: the desert.

There are countless books in the world, and whoever you are, whatever you’re feeling, there is definitely a book out there, just waiting for you to discover it.
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  1. which is often in the form of hills called sand dunes
  2. whenever it rains
  3. to find water as far as metres away
  4. which can receive up to mm of rain annually
  5. to better distribute their body heat and stay cool
  6. even though the desert environment is very dry and hot
  7. that help them to live in the desert
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Это задание составили эксперты «СтатГрада» для Яндекса
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2. Задание#T5514

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами . Одна из частей в списке лишняя.

Whales in a Noisy Ocean

Whales use sound in very different ways. Some whales produce songs that travel over vast distances. They also use echolocation, like bats, (A)________. But other noise in the ocean creates a problem for the whales.

Since 1987, the International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW) has sent their research vessel Song of the Whale around the world (B)________. During the travels, the Song of the Whale scientists have developed expertise (C)________ to listen to and record the sounds that the animals make. This helps them to track, identify, and survey different species.

One of the threats facing whales and other marine animals is noise pollution in the seas, such as noise from drilling, military activities, oil exploration, and coastal construction. This noise can cause great distress to whales and dolphins and can (D)________.

It is feared this noise pollution may cause mass strandings, (E)________. If the Song of the Whale team can (F)________, then hopefully the nature and location of disturbing noise can be changed.
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  1. in using underwater microphones
  2. to locate food and find their way
  3. result in injury and even death
  4. track and identify their habitats
  5. to filter out food from the water
  6. to provide a platform for marine research
  7. when large numbers come ashore
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Это задание составили эксперты «СтатГрада» для Яндекса
Это задание решали 6 тыс. раз. С ним справились 52% пользователей.

3. Задание#T5474

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами . Одна из частей в списке лишняя.

The Man Who Loved the Sea

Jacques Cousteau was born in France in 1910. Although he was sickly as a child, he learned to swim at an early age and developed a love for the ocean. He joined the French navy in 1933, and it was there A________. Amazed at what he saw beneath the sea, he decided to build a device that would allow people to breathe underwater. In 1942, he finished the Aqua-Lung, a piece of early underwater breathing equipment B________.

After World War , Cousteau began his life’s work onboard the research ship Calypso. He worked with divers and scientists to photograph and gather samples of underwater plants and animals. In doing so, he learned about many ocean creatures C________.

In 1960, he successfully worked to stop nuclear waste D________. He worked tirelessly E________ and won many awards for his efforts. His television show, The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau, ran from 1968 to 1976. The series helped raise awareness of the creatures who inhabit the world’s oceans. Cousteau died in 1997 at the age of 87 and is still celebrated F________ of the twentieth century.
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  1. from being dumped into the Mediterranean Sea
  2. that would eventually lead to the SCUBA diving gear
  3. as one of the most important explorers and environmentalists
  4. even though he became interested in exploring the ocean
  5. that he first used a pair of underwater goggles
  6. to improve the ecological conditions of the world’s oceans
  7. that had never been studied before
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Это задание составили эксперты «СтатГрада» для Яндекса
Это задание решали 5 тыс. раз. С ним справились 32% пользователей.

4. Задание#T5452

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A Trash Collector’s Work is Never Done

Brian Kane was a trash collector in Denver, Colorado. Year after year, (A)________ Brian rode on the back of a garbage truck through the streets of this city. At each stop, he would jog quickly to the back of buildings, then drag heavy trash cans to the truck. Brian never complained – even (B)________ or cold wind turned his fingers into sticks of ice.

Brian saw these hardships (C)________. His job was actually a training ground for his lifelong dream: to climb Mount Everest, the highest mountain in the world. On his thirtieth birthday, Brian took a three-month leave from his job and flew to Nepal. There he began the long, difficult journey up Mount Everest.

Brian first climbed to a base camp. He stayed there for a couple of weeks (D)________. Brian had also planned to bring three oxygen canisters with him to the summit, at 29,028 feet, it would be hard to survive without extra oxygen. Over the next two months, Brian climbed to 26,000 feet, to Camp Four – the last place to rest below the summit. But when Brian saw this camp, he gasped and fell to his knees.

“Trash!” he cried. Nearly a thousand empty oxygen canisters littered the camp area. Humans had turned this beautiful remote place into a giant trash heap. Nevertheless, (E)________, Brian continued to follow his dream. Two days later he stood proudly on the peak of Mt. Everest. He had reached the “roof of the world”!

Two days after this great achievement, Brian stuffed a dozen empty oxygen canisters in his pack and headed down the mountain. He smiled to himself (F)________ that the work of a trash collector is never done.
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  1. to get used to the thinner air
  2. eight hours a day, five days a week
  3. as he realized
  4. sad, but determined
  5. whatever happens in the future
  6. as opportunities to become strong and fit
  7. when sweat stung his eyes
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Это задание составили эксперты «СтатГрада» для Яндекса
Это задание решали 7 тыс. раз. С ним справились 43% пользователей.

5. Задание#T911

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами . Одна из частей в списке лишняя.

The life of Pi

“The Life of Pi” published in 2001 is the third book by the Canadian author Yann Martel. It has (A)________, won several prizes and been translated into forty-one languages.
At the start of the book, we (B)________ in India. His father owns the city zoo and the family home is in the zoo. When they aren’t at school, Pi and his brother help their father at the zoo and he learns a lot about animals.
When Pi is sixteen, his parents decide to close the zoo and move to Canada. They travel by ship taking the animals with them. On the way, there is (C)________. Sadly, Pi’s family and the sailors all die in the storm, but Pi lives and finds himself in a lifeboat with a hyena, zebra, orangutan and an enormous tiger. At first, Pi is scared of the animals and jumps into the ocean. Then he remembers there are sharks in the water and decides to climb back into the lifeboat. One by one, the animals in the lifeboat kill and eat each other, till only Pi and the tiger are left alive. Luckily for Pi, there is (D)________, but he soon needs to start catching fish. He feeds the tiger to stop it killing and eating him. He also uses a whistle and (E)________ and show it that he’s the boss.
Pi and the tiger spend 227 days in the lifeboat. They live through terrible storms and the burning heat of the Pacific sun. They are often hungry and ill. Finally, they arrive at the coast of Mexico, but you will have to (F)________ in the end!
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  1. read the book to find out what happens
  2. some food and water on the lifeboat
  3. his knowledge of animals to control the tiger
  4. received an award for being strong
  5. sold seven million copies worldwide
  6. learn about Pi’s childhood in Pondicherry
  7. a terrible storm and the ship sinks
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Это задание взято из демовариантов ФИПИ 2018-2020
Это задание решали 11 тыс. раз. С ним справились 56% пользователей.
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